1 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:03,169 good afternoon and welcome to NASA's 2 00:00:07,519 --> 00:00:05,250 Johnson Space Center here in Houston 3 00:00:09,379 --> 00:00:07,529 we're having a briefing today to talk 4 00:00:11,749 --> 00:00:09,389 about NASA's assistance to the trapped 5 00:00:14,180 --> 00:00:11,759 miners in Chile a team was sent there 6 00:00:16,670 --> 00:00:14,190 last week and has returned and can talk 7 00:00:18,500 --> 00:00:16,680 about that experience we'll turn it over 8 00:00:20,269 --> 00:00:18,510 to the team members we have three here 9 00:00:22,279 --> 00:00:20,279 at the Johnson Space Center and also one 10 00:00:24,109 --> 00:00:22,289 on the phone line from NASA's Langley 11 00:00:25,820 --> 00:00:24,119 Research Center where the NASA 12 00:00:28,429 --> 00:00:25,830 engineering and Safety Center is located 13 00:00:30,980 --> 00:00:28,439 I'll turn it over to the lead of the 14 00:00:33,709 --> 00:00:30,990 team who is dr. James dunk James Michael 15 00:00:35,270 --> 00:00:33,719 Duncan Michael Duncan served as the lead 16 00:00:36,889 --> 00:00:35,280 and he will introduce the rest of the 17 00:00:38,720 --> 00:00:36,899 team members he's the deputy chief 18 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:38,730 medical officer here for the Johnson 19 00:00:44,869 --> 00:00:43,050 Space Center doctor thanks Callie we had 20 00:00:48,950 --> 00:00:44,879 the privilege of being able to travel to 21 00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:48,960 Chile as a result of the Chilean 22 00:00:56,119 --> 00:00:51,360 government asking through our State 23 00:00:58,369 --> 00:00:56,129 Department NASA's input into the rescue 24 00:01:02,090 --> 00:00:58,379 effort for the miners that input was 25 00:01:06,890 --> 00:01:02,100 primarily related to medical aspects 26 00:01:09,109 --> 00:01:06,900 behavioral health support and also 27 00:01:12,469 --> 00:01:09,119 looking at their is in sanitation and 28 00:01:15,050 --> 00:01:12,479 hygiene and and most importantly or as 29 00:01:22,039 --> 00:01:15,060 importantly nutritional support of the 30 00:01:24,380 --> 00:01:22,049 miners while in Chile we were our 31 00:01:26,929 --> 00:01:24,390 primary interface with with was with the 32 00:01:29,060 --> 00:01:26,939 Minister of Health as well as 33 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:29,070 representatives from the Chilean Space 34 00:01:35,539 --> 00:01:33,290 Agency who helped get us through the 35 00:01:38,090 --> 00:01:35,549 travels in the country and getting us to 36 00:01:39,859 --> 00:01:38,100 the mine it was a very rewarding 37 00:01:45,109 --> 00:01:39,869 experience for us and that we were able 38 00:01:48,590 --> 00:01:45,119 to say hello to the miners as well as 39 00:01:51,770 --> 00:01:48,600 say hello to the families and get 40 00:01:54,679 --> 00:01:51,780 detailed briefings from the minister of 41 00:01:57,050 --> 00:01:54,689 mining the Minister of Health some of 42 00:02:00,590 --> 00:01:57,060 the mining engineers that were 43 00:02:04,490 --> 00:02:00,600 associated with this rescue effort and 44 00:02:09,350 --> 00:02:04,500 be able to spend three full days at the 45 00:02:12,260 --> 00:02:09,360 mine site being able to evaluate their 46 00:02:14,270 --> 00:02:12,270 operations and understand the medical 47 00:02:15,980 --> 00:02:14,280 here that the miners are receiving as 48 00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:15,990 well as the behavioral health support 49 00:02:21,260 --> 00:02:19,350 for the miners and the families and I 50 00:02:29,420 --> 00:02:21,270 review the status and the nutrition of 51 00:02:31,790 --> 00:02:29,430 the miners on the team we had to to 52 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:31,800 physicians myself and dr. JD Polk who's 53 00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:35,850 at my far left dr. Polk is the chief of 54 00:02:40,790 --> 00:02:37,290 the space medicine division here at 55 00:02:43,040 --> 00:02:40,800 Johnson Space Center his expertise is in 56 00:02:47,020 --> 00:02:43,050 emergency medicine as well as a medical 57 00:02:51,170 --> 00:02:47,030 evacuation in particular Arabic 58 00:02:53,270 --> 00:02:51,180 evacuation to my immediate left is dr. 59 00:02:57,700 --> 00:02:53,280 al Holland who is a psychologist with us 60 00:03:01,070 --> 00:02:57,710 here at Johnson Space Center with a long 61 00:03:04,070 --> 00:03:01,080 history of being dealing with our 62 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:04,080 astronauts and families and in doing a 63 00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:05,850 behavioral support of them getting them 64 00:03:11,270 --> 00:03:07,680 through our long-duration missions on 65 00:03:14,450 --> 00:03:11,280 the space station and the other member 66 00:03:18,380 --> 00:03:14,460 of our team who is on online with us 67 00:03:21,620 --> 00:03:18,390 today is mr. Clint Craig 30 years in the 68 00:03:23,900 --> 00:03:21,630 Navy with a command experience in the 69 00:03:26,570 --> 00:03:23,910 submarine forces in the Navy currently 70 00:03:30,020 --> 00:03:26,580 he is with the NASA engineering and 71 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:30,030 Safety Center and is a principal 72 00:03:36,770 --> 00:03:33,410 engineer in that organization so let me 73 00:03:39,080 --> 00:03:36,780 turn it over if I may to each of my team 74 00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:39,090 members to also make some brief opening 75 00:03:46,340 --> 00:03:41,640 remarks and I'll ask dr. Holland to 76 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:46,350 begin our experience down there for the 77 00:03:53,540 --> 00:03:49,530 few days that we were on site we learned 78 00:03:57,010 --> 00:03:53,550 a great deal the miners were in 79 00:04:00,530 --> 00:03:57,020 excellent spirits they had done a lot 80 00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:00,540 for their own health before they were 81 00:04:07,790 --> 00:04:03,090 even found they had organized into 82 00:04:09,809 --> 00:04:07,800 groups they had established a hierarchy 83 00:04:11,459 --> 00:04:09,819 among themselves and 84 00:04:14,030 --> 00:04:11,469 they've done a lot in terms of taking 85 00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:14,040 responsibility for their own fate and 86 00:04:19,860 --> 00:04:16,690 these are all very positive signs and by 87 00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:19,870 the time the rescuers did locate them 17 88 00:04:25,499 --> 00:04:22,630 days into the confinement they were 89 00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:25,509 still doing well and so the topside 90 00:04:30,330 --> 00:04:28,210 people found that they were doing an 91 00:04:34,020 --> 00:04:30,340 excellent job of supporting the miners 92 00:04:36,050 --> 00:04:34,030 and the miners families and we were able 93 00:04:38,370 --> 00:04:36,060 to have some discussions with our 94 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:38,380 counterparts in my case with the 95 00:04:43,980 --> 00:04:40,330 coordinating psychologists down there 96 00:04:48,810 --> 00:04:43,990 and we're very fruitful discussions 97 00:04:51,749 --> 00:04:48,820 covered a wide range of topics and I 98 00:04:56,339 --> 00:04:51,759 left with the sense that they had a very 99 00:04:58,110 --> 00:04:56,349 capable competent determined team on the 100 00:05:05,189 --> 00:04:58,120 topside to assist the families of the 101 00:05:10,020 --> 00:05:05,199 miners and he turned over to dr. pol for 102 00:05:12,529 --> 00:05:10,030 his comments about medical aspects this 103 00:05:16,770 --> 00:05:12,539 was this is an operation that's probably 104 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:16,780 unprecedented in scope never have so 105 00:05:24,060 --> 00:05:19,650 many been trapped for so long so deeply 106 00:05:25,890 --> 00:05:24,070 we were very impressed with not only how 107 00:05:28,050 --> 00:05:25,900 the Chilean government has responded to 108 00:05:30,330 --> 00:05:28,060 this incident but also the the medical 109 00:05:33,860 --> 00:05:30,340 care specifically they've done a great 110 00:05:36,930 --> 00:05:33,870 deal of thought into the care there are 111 00:05:39,510 --> 00:05:36,940 specific intricacies both in refeeding 112 00:05:41,870 --> 00:05:39,520 people that have been starving as well 113 00:05:44,159 --> 00:05:41,880 as rescuing people from this location 114 00:05:48,330 --> 00:05:44,169 and they have given a great deal of 115 00:05:52,230 --> 00:05:48,340 thought to each one of these facets and 116 00:05:56,580 --> 00:05:52,240 we were very impressed with the actions 117 00:05:58,740 --> 00:05:56,590 by the medical team and it was a very 118 00:06:00,830 --> 00:05:58,750 collegial experience as we went down 119 00:06:04,020 --> 00:06:00,840 there they were very receptive of our 120 00:06:06,409 --> 00:06:04,030 recommendations in our consultation but 121 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:06,419 it was very much colleague to colleague 122 00:06:16,320 --> 00:06:10,330 and the operation itself is very 123 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:16,330 impressive thanks JD and the last member 124 00:06:21,730 --> 00:06:18,610 of the team Clint Craig some opening 125 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:23,149 thanks Mike 126 00:06:29,420 --> 00:06:26,370 yes this is Clint Craig one of my jobs 127 00:06:31,850 --> 00:06:29,430 on this RV job for me during this 128 00:06:35,179 --> 00:06:31,860 mission was to support the doctors and 129 00:06:38,029 --> 00:06:35,189 any engineering aspects of issues that 130 00:06:41,409 --> 00:06:38,039 they might might have discovered down 131 00:06:43,790 --> 00:06:41,419 there I had an opportunity to spend 132 00:06:46,490 --> 00:06:43,800 quite some time with the mining 133 00:06:49,429 --> 00:06:46,500 engineers that were working the problem 134 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:49,439 down there as well as one of the key 135 00:06:53,709 --> 00:06:52,050 leaders of the site who himself was also 136 00:06:56,540 --> 00:06:53,719 a submariner 137 00:06:59,080 --> 00:06:56,550 my feeling is as they are are really 138 00:07:01,850 --> 00:06:59,090 doing well in this entire rescue effort 139 00:07:05,990 --> 00:07:01,860 that they've got the right attitudes as 140 00:07:10,010 --> 00:07:06,000 team spirit down there is is incredibly 141 00:07:12,610 --> 00:07:10,020 high and I think they're going to sort 142 00:07:16,820 --> 00:07:12,620 everything out and look in the long-term 143 00:07:18,170 --> 00:07:16,830 that's all I got Mike thanks great and I 144 00:07:20,959 --> 00:07:18,180 think it's important for us to remember 145 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:20,969 here that the chileans call this 146 00:07:28,369 --> 00:07:25,370 operation San Lorenzo Saint Lorenzo is 147 00:07:31,159 --> 00:07:28,379 the patron saint of the miners as we 148 00:07:34,719 --> 00:07:31,169 were told this is really not about NASA 149 00:07:36,379 --> 00:07:34,729 we're a pretty small part in the overall 150 00:07:38,899 --> 00:07:36,389 operation 151 00:07:42,050 --> 00:07:38,909 the Chilean's were interested in our 152 00:07:45,649 --> 00:07:42,060 input and are also obtaining input from 153 00:07:48,189 --> 00:07:45,659 other sources to make sure that they are 154 00:07:51,529 --> 00:07:48,199 doing everything possible for the miners 155 00:07:53,719 --> 00:07:51,539 and it is indeed about the miners and 156 00:07:58,100 --> 00:07:53,729 the Chilean effort to make this a 157 00:08:00,050 --> 00:07:58,110 successful rescue with that we'll start 158 00:08:01,879 --> 00:08:00,060 with the question and answer part of the 159 00:08:03,589 --> 00:08:01,889 briefing we'll start here at the Johnson 160 00:08:05,959 --> 00:08:03,599 Space Center locally in other NASA 161 00:08:08,300 --> 00:08:05,969 centers and also on the line you could 162 00:08:09,709 --> 00:08:08,310 please direct your question to one of 163 00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:09,719 the briefers that possible and state 164 00:08:15,079 --> 00:08:12,960 your name and affiliation thank you 165 00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:15,089 mark carro representing Aviation Week 166 00:08:19,159 --> 00:08:16,860 and space technology and I think my 167 00:08:22,879 --> 00:08:19,169 questions for dr. Duncan but please feel 168 00:08:25,010 --> 00:08:22,889 free to share as you need I'm wondering 169 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:25,020 what happens now in terms of NASA 170 00:08:29,719 --> 00:08:27,210 involvement well you have long-running 171 00:08:31,490 --> 00:08:29,729 will you follow the events will you be 172 00:08:33,890 --> 00:08:31,500 available to them 173 00:08:36,380 --> 00:08:33,900 and explain if you are kind of how that 174 00:08:41,360 --> 00:08:36,390 is if it's by phone or teleconference or 175 00:08:44,720 --> 00:08:41,370 if you'll be going back sure we hope to 176 00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:44,730 have continued working relationship with 177 00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:47,670 the individuals that we met down there 178 00:08:53,590 --> 00:08:49,890 I think the physicians and the 179 00:08:56,720 --> 00:08:53,600 psychologists were very receptive to 180 00:08:59,360 --> 00:08:56,730 wanting to have continued discussions 181 00:09:02,210 --> 00:08:59,370 with us and an input this is going to be 182 00:09:03,890 --> 00:09:02,220 a very dynamic situation for a long 183 00:09:06,650 --> 00:09:03,900 period of time and I'm sure they'll have 184 00:09:09,050 --> 00:09:06,660 questions and want to bounce ideas off 185 00:09:13,670 --> 00:09:09,060 of us some things that that we've 186 00:09:15,470 --> 00:09:13,680 learned you know that communication in 187 00:09:20,210 --> 00:09:15,480 this day and age can occur in any number 188 00:09:25,730 --> 00:09:20,220 of ways through electronic means email 189 00:09:29,090 --> 00:09:25,740 phone those types of things and you know 190 00:09:30,710 --> 00:09:29,100 as far as any return trip at this point 191 00:09:34,220 --> 00:09:30,720 the Chilean's have not asked us to 192 00:09:36,830 --> 00:09:34,230 return I'm sure if that type of request 193 00:09:39,230 --> 00:09:36,840 came through we would give it you know 194 00:09:41,810 --> 00:09:39,240 it's due consideration and go from there 195 00:09:43,730 --> 00:09:41,820 and maybe owl would have some additional 196 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:43,740 thoughts with regards to you know 197 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:47,010 continued communication yeah I think 198 00:09:52,930 --> 00:09:50,130 that from the psychological point of 199 00:09:57,620 --> 00:09:52,940 view we'll be in pretty continuous 200 00:10:00,290 --> 00:09:57,630 communication at their initiative with 201 00:10:02,900 --> 00:10:00,300 the psychological folks there because 202 00:10:05,740 --> 00:10:02,910 like Mike said it is a it's a very 203 00:10:09,620 --> 00:10:05,750 dynamic situation and over time 204 00:10:11,720 --> 00:10:09,630 individuals and groups change and so 205 00:10:15,650 --> 00:10:11,730 their situation will change events will 206 00:10:17,870 --> 00:10:15,660 occur and there'll be opportunities to 207 00:10:22,960 --> 00:10:17,880 talk so I'm sure we'll be doing at least 208 00:10:26,300 --> 00:10:22,970 telecon I might ask a follow-up question 209 00:10:28,370 --> 00:10:26,310 I'm interested in I don't want to make 210 00:10:30,830 --> 00:10:28,380 this sound like quid pro quo but I'm 211 00:10:34,580 --> 00:10:30,840 sort of wondering if there's if if 212 00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:34,590 NASA's participation in this event would 213 00:10:41,150 --> 00:10:37,230 allow you to draw something of benefit 214 00:10:44,330 --> 00:10:41,160 to future space missions 215 00:10:45,049 --> 00:10:44,340 I don't know one I mean one sort of on 216 00:10:48,019 --> 00:10:45,059 the surface 217 00:10:51,229 --> 00:10:48,029 this is a bit of a Apollo 13 on the 218 00:10:54,499 --> 00:10:51,239 ground and thank goodness that hasn't 219 00:10:56,029 --> 00:10:54,509 happened here for a long time but I just 220 00:10:58,339 --> 00:10:56,039 wonder if there are lessons to be 221 00:11:02,259 --> 00:10:58,349 learned that NASA could draw from this 222 00:11:04,569 --> 00:11:02,269 tragedy I think it's certainly possible 223 00:11:07,879 --> 00:11:04,579 you know as we go along 224 00:11:11,779 --> 00:11:07,889 understanding what what dynamics develop 225 00:11:15,489 --> 00:11:11,789 in this particular situation of 33 226 00:11:19,309 --> 00:11:15,499 miners in a very isolated environment 227 00:11:21,619 --> 00:11:19,319 you know will be I think learning along 228 00:11:23,089 --> 00:11:21,629 with the chileans on how to approach 229 00:11:27,399 --> 00:11:23,099 these things there are some things that 230 00:11:34,399 --> 00:11:29,709 experience and long-duration research 231 00:11:36,919 --> 00:11:34,409 that you know we can you know maybe help 232 00:11:40,849 --> 00:11:36,929 them predict some things to to be 233 00:11:43,399 --> 00:11:40,859 expecting and then you know at the 234 00:11:45,979 --> 00:11:43,409 conclusion of all this I'm sure we will 235 00:11:48,319 --> 00:11:45,989 be reviewing some lessons learned and 236 00:11:51,229 --> 00:11:48,329 gleaning from that you know anything 237 00:11:56,449 --> 00:11:51,239 that might be useful to us and dealing 238 00:11:58,189 --> 00:11:56,459 with isolated environments hi with the 239 00:12:00,109 --> 00:11:58,199 Houston Chronicle thanks for for doing 240 00:12:01,969 --> 00:12:00,119 this today I've got a couple questions 241 00:12:04,059 --> 00:12:01,979 the first one I think is for dr. Duncan 242 00:12:07,009 --> 00:12:04,069 maybe you could talk a little bit about 243 00:12:08,389 --> 00:12:07,019 you mentioned and the other the other 244 00:12:09,649 --> 00:12:08,399 panel members mentioned they did a lot 245 00:12:11,119 --> 00:12:09,659 of listening maybe you could talk a 246 00:12:12,049 --> 00:12:11,129 little bit about some of the specific 247 00:12:14,419 --> 00:12:12,059 piece of vision 248 00:12:17,359 --> 00:12:14,429 pieces of it pieces of advice that you 249 00:12:18,649 --> 00:12:17,369 provided or sort of guidance you gave 250 00:12:21,829 --> 00:12:18,659 them in terms of dealing with this 251 00:12:26,899 --> 00:12:21,839 situation okay I think one of the things 252 00:12:29,959 --> 00:12:26,909 that struck us initially when we first 253 00:12:35,929 --> 00:12:29,969 received the briefing from the our 254 00:12:39,019 --> 00:12:35,939 Chilean counterparts is that it was they 255 00:12:41,209 --> 00:12:39,029 were looking towards the rescue as is 256 00:12:44,629 --> 00:12:41,219 actually physically getting the miners 257 00:12:47,559 --> 00:12:44,639 out of the mine and and we brought to 258 00:12:52,459 --> 00:12:47,569 their attention our experience and and 259 00:12:54,499 --> 00:12:52,469 the experience of others that really the 260 00:12:55,460 --> 00:12:54,509 work is just beginning when the miners 261 00:12:59,950 --> 00:12:55,470 come out of the mine 262 00:13:02,450 --> 00:12:59,960 because there's a lot of rehabilitation 263 00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:02,460 recovery that the miners will have to go 264 00:13:07,310 --> 00:13:04,410 through there is you know a 265 00:13:09,500 --> 00:13:07,320 reintroduction of the miner to the 266 00:13:12,620 --> 00:13:09,510 family there's reintroduction of the 267 00:13:16,250 --> 00:13:12,630 miner to society and you know when these 268 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:16,260 miners come out they will in their own 269 00:13:20,810 --> 00:13:19,410 right have a certain celebrity status 270 00:13:23,300 --> 00:13:20,820 within their country 271 00:13:29,470 --> 00:13:23,310 and there will be a lot of pressures put 272 00:13:33,530 --> 00:13:29,480 upon them by the society the media 273 00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:33,540 others wanting you know part of their 274 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:38,490 time and I think the chileans had not 275 00:13:44,690 --> 00:13:40,530 gotten to that point of thinking how 276 00:13:46,940 --> 00:13:44,700 difficult this post rescue effort is 277 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:46,950 going to be and that's one of the 278 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:49,370 biggest things that that we help bring 279 00:13:54,950 --> 00:13:53,610 their attention to let me ask some of 280 00:13:57,380 --> 00:13:54,960 the other panel members if you don't 281 00:14:02,720 --> 00:13:57,390 mind to make some comment and I'll ask 282 00:14:05,900 --> 00:14:02,730 Alda to start well this is certainly a 283 00:14:10,130 --> 00:14:05,910 new thing for them so and for all of us 284 00:14:13,670 --> 00:14:10,140 actually but I think some of the areas 285 00:14:16,220 --> 00:14:13,680 that we did discuss in depth was the 286 00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:16,230 circadian rhythm circadian cicle 287 00:14:22,070 --> 00:14:20,970 sleep/wake cycles and how some 288 00:14:24,910 --> 00:14:22,080 entrainment are a little bit more 289 00:14:26,630 --> 00:14:24,920 lighting systematic way of lighting 290 00:14:30,530 --> 00:14:26,640 scheduling light and dark down there 291 00:14:33,830 --> 00:14:30,540 would benefit their mood and their sleep 292 00:14:37,850 --> 00:14:33,840 and the social stability we also talked 293 00:14:39,740 --> 00:14:37,860 about training and content for training 294 00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:39,750 for the miners and for the family 295 00:14:44,780 --> 00:14:41,730 members as time goes by so that they 296 00:14:47,270 --> 00:14:44,790 know what to expect in long duration 297 00:14:51,050 --> 00:14:47,280 confinement and they know what to expect 298 00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:51,060 upon coming out and how best to support 299 00:14:56,780 --> 00:14:54,570 one another along the way we talked at 300 00:15:00,140 --> 00:14:56,790 length about the post extraction time 301 00:15:01,940 --> 00:15:00,150 and ways to protect the miners and the 302 00:15:04,850 --> 00:15:01,950 families both medically and 303 00:15:05,929 --> 00:15:04,860 psychologically during the first 24 to 304 00:15:10,869 --> 00:15:05,939 48 hours 305 00:15:14,749 --> 00:15:10,879 post extraction we talked about the 306 00:15:17,629 --> 00:15:14,759 desirability of having more than a one 307 00:15:19,549 --> 00:15:17,639 deep organization or in places where 308 00:15:21,710 --> 00:15:19,559 there are only one deep to have a backup 309 00:15:23,329 --> 00:15:21,720 and an alternate person who can be 310 00:15:25,999 --> 00:15:23,339 working issues so they can rotate the 311 00:15:28,129 --> 00:15:26,009 topside people I think in in general 312 00:15:31,569 --> 00:15:28,139 like Mike was saying there was a great 313 00:15:34,969 --> 00:15:31,579 focus on the immediacy of the need to 314 00:15:38,899 --> 00:15:34,979 bring the people out of the mind and 315 00:15:41,629 --> 00:15:38,909 actually now they're beginning to adjust 316 00:15:44,359 --> 00:15:41,639 their thinking the miners perhaps are 317 00:15:47,659 --> 00:15:44,369 leading the way but the families the 318 00:15:49,039 --> 00:15:47,669 Chilean topside rescue personnel in the 319 00:15:53,569 --> 00:15:49,049 country down there I think it's 320 00:15:56,859 --> 00:15:53,579 beginning to shift its mindset to one of 321 00:15:59,059 --> 00:15:56,869 a marathon run rather than a sprint and 322 00:16:02,019 --> 00:15:59,069 marathons as you know have very 323 00:16:06,079 --> 00:16:02,029 different pacing have a very different 324 00:16:08,839 --> 00:16:06,089 set of strategies than a sprint does and 325 00:16:14,509 --> 00:16:08,849 so we talked at length about about those 326 00:16:18,439 --> 00:16:14,519 types of things was maybe for for dr. 327 00:16:19,969 --> 00:16:18,449 Holland or or for dr. Polk maybe just 328 00:16:21,499 --> 00:16:19,979 talk about what are some of the analogs 329 00:16:22,939 --> 00:16:21,509 between what they're going through and 330 00:16:30,289 --> 00:16:22,949 what astronauts might be going through 331 00:16:33,969 --> 00:16:30,299 in long-term spaceflight well yeah the 332 00:16:36,259 --> 00:16:33,979 seclusion folks for a long duration 333 00:16:38,359 --> 00:16:36,269 whether that's in a sub whether that's 334 00:16:40,339 --> 00:16:38,369 in the Antarctic whether that's on the 335 00:16:43,759 --> 00:16:40,349 space station that's certainly one thing 336 00:16:46,099 --> 00:16:43,769 that they're there in common where they 337 00:16:47,659 --> 00:16:46,109 differ is that in most of our analogs we 338 00:16:50,210 --> 00:16:47,669 have good communication we have good 339 00:16:53,809 --> 00:16:50,220 logistics and resupply it took a while 340 00:16:56,119 --> 00:16:53,819 to get to those things to the miners the 341 00:16:58,489 --> 00:16:56,129 miners fortunately is as Ali looted to 342 00:17:01,399 --> 00:16:58,499 or the masters of their own fate because 343 00:17:04,189 --> 00:17:01,409 of their their leadership and their own 344 00:17:06,529 --> 00:17:04,199 instincts and willing to survive they 345 00:17:08,829 --> 00:17:06,539 were able to sustain themselves for 346 00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:08,839 about 2 plus weeks until they were found 347 00:17:14,659 --> 00:17:11,490 that's unprecedented 348 00:17:17,929 --> 00:17:14,669 and you know those those types of skills 349 00:17:19,289 --> 00:17:17,939 certainly will be needed whether it's 350 00:17:21,659 --> 00:17:19,299 exploration whether it's in 351 00:17:23,189 --> 00:17:21,669 arctic weather it's undersea will 352 00:17:25,470 --> 00:17:23,199 certainly certainly learn as much from 353 00:17:29,999 --> 00:17:25,480 the miners as they are learning from us 354 00:17:32,279 --> 00:17:30,009 from our past experiences as I alluded 355 00:17:34,340 --> 00:17:32,289 to with the marathon one of the things 356 00:17:36,479 --> 00:17:34,350 that was beneficial I think for the 357 00:17:39,479 --> 00:17:36,489 Chilean government was to break this 358 00:17:42,899 --> 00:17:39,489 into phases and we broke this into five 359 00:17:46,979 --> 00:17:42,909 phases the incident phase the initial 360 00:17:49,789 --> 00:17:46,989 survival phase a sustainment phase the 361 00:17:52,529 --> 00:17:49,799 rescue phase and then the recovery phase 362 00:17:54,509 --> 00:17:52,539 and each of those phases have their own 363 00:17:56,999 --> 00:17:54,519 distinct requirements their own distinct 364 00:18:00,210 --> 00:17:57,009 problems their own distinct set of 365 00:18:03,989 --> 00:18:00,220 challenges that the Chileans have to 366 00:18:05,789 --> 00:18:03,999 gear up for and each of those will 367 00:18:09,119 --> 00:18:05,799 require different talents and different 368 00:18:12,379 --> 00:18:09,129 skill sets and so it's looking at that 369 00:18:14,970 --> 00:18:12,389 mission across a broad range of phases 370 00:18:17,249 --> 00:18:14,980 not only help such lands but helps us 371 00:18:21,899 --> 00:18:17,259 for for future exploration missions as 372 00:18:23,580 --> 00:18:21,909 well Carl Willis with KPRC one of the 373 00:18:24,899 --> 00:18:23,590 the greatest moments that we saw was 374 00:18:26,580 --> 00:18:24,909 these miners being able to 375 00:18:28,649 --> 00:18:26,590 teleconference with their loved ones 376 00:18:32,249 --> 00:18:28,659 while they're down there can you tell us 377 00:18:35,580 --> 00:18:32,259 how important or what kind of impact 378 00:18:39,989 --> 00:18:35,590 that human contact can have in surviving 379 00:18:47,399 --> 00:18:45,269 clearly it's essential the contact that 380 00:18:49,649 --> 00:18:47,409 you have with your your social support 381 00:18:51,899 --> 00:18:49,659 system your loved ones as we all know is 382 00:18:55,279 --> 00:18:51,909 essential for us going through any 383 00:19:00,419 --> 00:18:55,289 hardship but for their hardship which is 384 00:19:03,210 --> 00:19:00,429 severe it's extremely essential so 385 00:19:04,889 --> 00:19:03,220 regular contact on a regular basis so 386 00:19:06,720 --> 00:19:04,899 that there's something they can expect 387 00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:06,730 for instance on a weekend they can 388 00:19:10,409 --> 00:19:08,710 expect that on Saturday they'll have a 389 00:19:11,899 --> 00:19:10,419 chance to talk with their loved one it's 390 00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:11,909 really good to have these expectations 391 00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:15,480 give them something to look forward to 392 00:19:21,989 --> 00:19:19,690 there's also care in that excessive 393 00:19:25,109 --> 00:19:21,999 communication can be problematic believe 394 00:19:27,480 --> 00:19:25,119 it or not if there's too much 395 00:19:30,060 --> 00:19:27,490 communication all the time then 396 00:19:31,259 --> 00:19:30,070 sometimes people have difficulty 397 00:19:32,370 --> 00:19:31,269 adjusting to where they are and they 398 00:19:36,030 --> 00:19:32,380 feel like they need to 399 00:19:40,530 --> 00:19:36,040 take on the responsibilities of topside 400 00:19:42,030 --> 00:19:40,540 if they're a minor or the people topside 401 00:19:44,010 --> 00:19:42,040 feel like they have to take on and help 402 00:19:45,660 --> 00:19:44,020 solve problems for the miners the 403 00:19:47,790 --> 00:19:45,670 individual up went down in the mind 404 00:19:50,220 --> 00:19:47,800 themselves and so it's a little bit 405 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:50,230 excessive it's like any other analog 406 00:19:55,020 --> 00:19:52,330 situation on earth when you would go 407 00:19:56,460 --> 00:19:55,030 somewhere communications important 408 00:20:00,420 --> 00:19:56,470 essential for your support your 409 00:20:02,610 --> 00:20:00,430 emotional sustenance but at the same 410 00:20:04,110 --> 00:20:02,620 time a little bit of distance enables 411 00:20:05,970 --> 00:20:04,120 you to solve the problems where you are 412 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:05,980 and it allows the other person to take 413 00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:07,570 responsibility and solve the problems 414 00:20:12,810 --> 00:20:11,650 where they are something I read 415 00:20:15,030 --> 00:20:12,820 somewhere about the strict 416 00:20:17,220 --> 00:20:15,040 organizational structure that was kind 417 00:20:20,220 --> 00:20:17,230 of implemented down there can you kind 418 00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:20,230 of tell us what kind of things were not 419 00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:23,440 allowed what things were were frowned 420 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:29,170 upon what things were permitted during 421 00:20:35,250 --> 00:20:31,330 the period of time when the miners had 422 00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:35,260 no contact topside and they were you 423 00:20:43,170 --> 00:20:38,110 know working on their own to survive the 424 00:20:46,440 --> 00:20:43,180 miners for that shift they had a lead 425 00:20:49,470 --> 00:20:46,450 that that lead then established you know 426 00:20:52,500 --> 00:20:49,480 jobs and lead areas for other other 427 00:20:56,250 --> 00:20:52,510 miners within the group and jobs for for 428 00:20:59,970 --> 00:20:56,260 everyone to do and and and establish 429 00:21:03,990 --> 00:20:59,980 shifts so you know it was you know very 430 00:21:07,890 --> 00:21:04,000 important for them to you know to do 431 00:21:11,550 --> 00:21:07,900 that and to survive to the point for 432 00:21:14,490 --> 00:21:11,560 when they were found now you know 433 00:21:19,050 --> 00:21:14,500 there's there's more support topside we 434 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:19,060 have you know things that that need to 435 00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:23,410 be done to you know sustain them food 436 00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:29,050 resupply supply of stores in case for 437 00:21:37,020 --> 00:21:32,610 some reason communication and access 438 00:21:40,260 --> 00:21:37,030 through these long tubes is blocked for 439 00:21:44,370 --> 00:21:40,270 some reason and so you know there's a 440 00:21:47,830 --> 00:21:44,380 there's a number of jobs that 441 00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:47,840 that we you know are having or the 442 00:21:52,090 --> 00:21:49,730 Chilean's I should say are having them 443 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:52,100 do as far as things that were not 444 00:21:59,680 --> 00:21:56,330 allowed I mean there were you know some 445 00:22:03,100 --> 00:21:59,690 requests for a save is smoking for 446 00:22:06,010 --> 00:22:03,110 example most of the miners as we 447 00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:06,020 understand it do smoke given the 448 00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:09,770 confined conditions and the low 449 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:13,490 atmospheric turnover of the chamber that 450 00:22:20,050 --> 00:22:15,530 they're in we did not feel that that was 451 00:22:23,230 --> 00:22:20,060 a good situation in addition that the 452 00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:23,240 mine conditions have been fairly dusty 453 00:22:28,270 --> 00:22:25,970 and so from from a lung standpoint we 454 00:22:36,750 --> 00:22:28,280 didn't want to add additional insults 455 00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:36,760 you know for their health but you know I 456 00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:39,710 think with you know their team that 457 00:22:46,660 --> 00:22:43,190 counseled the miners that that they 458 00:22:48,370 --> 00:22:46,670 needed to to work together and so you 459 00:22:50,980 --> 00:22:48,380 know it would be frowned upon to have 460 00:22:53,500 --> 00:22:50,990 just somebody going off on their own 461 00:22:56,290 --> 00:22:53,510 doing something you know without 462 00:22:58,080 --> 00:22:56,300 coordination with the group but I'm not 463 00:23:01,330 --> 00:22:58,090 thinking that there were any other 464 00:23:07,120 --> 00:23:01,340 restrictions of maybe Al has some other 465 00:23:11,530 --> 00:23:07,130 thoughts on yes alcohol is a restriction 466 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:11,540 but just another or along the same lines 467 00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:15,530 the miners organized themselves it 468 00:23:20,350 --> 00:23:17,360 wasn't a strict hierarchy imposed from 469 00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:20,360 the top and that's the best way to have 470 00:23:24,580 --> 00:23:22,610 it come has come these things come up 471 00:23:27,880 --> 00:23:24,590 from the mining group themselves in the 472 00:23:32,020 --> 00:23:27,890 topside people support these efforts to 473 00:23:34,180 --> 00:23:32,030 organize themselves in the return return 474 00:23:37,390 --> 00:23:34,190 turn an abnormal situation down there 475 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:37,400 into a more normal situation regular 476 00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:40,690 times of day where you have meals etc 477 00:23:46,270 --> 00:23:43,610 that provides a sense of normality and 478 00:23:48,820 --> 00:23:46,280 so I think the topside is suggesting 479 00:23:51,940 --> 00:23:48,830 ways they can do that and advising them 480 00:23:55,180 --> 00:23:51,950 in ways but as much as possible they're 481 00:23:55,740 --> 00:23:55,190 trying to preserve the miners initiative 482 00:23:58,799 --> 00:23:55,750 on this 483 00:24:03,000 --> 00:23:58,809 and from the thanks out for the reminder 484 00:24:05,279 --> 00:24:03,010 from we did you know make the suggestion 485 00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:05,289 that alcohol probably wasn't in their 486 00:24:10,230 --> 00:24:08,130 best interest at this at this moment 487 00:24:13,320 --> 00:24:10,240 first of all from a nutritional 488 00:24:16,890 --> 00:24:13,330 standpoint we have we have to get their 489 00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:16,900 nutrition nutritional status back up to 490 00:24:21,299 --> 00:24:19,510 to protect their health and we didn't 491 00:24:23,690 --> 00:24:21,309 want alcohol to interfere with that and 492 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:23,700 also just like in the flight environment 493 00:24:30,690 --> 00:24:27,970 you know our you don't want to have you 494 00:24:35,460 --> 00:24:30,700 know alcohol or other medications that 495 00:24:37,080 --> 00:24:35,470 that might alter the individuals 496 00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:37,090 response especially in emergency 497 00:24:47,039 --> 00:24:39,730 circumstances so you know our preference 498 00:24:48,750 --> 00:24:47,049 was not to see that occur thirty-nine 499 00:24:50,399 --> 00:24:48,760 question for you where do they stand 500 00:24:52,789 --> 00:24:50,409 right now as far as the rescues 501 00:24:55,799 --> 00:24:52,799 concerned I understand there's drills 502 00:24:56,970 --> 00:24:55,809 being done but what is the prospering I 503 00:25:00,990 --> 00:24:56,980 don't know if you mentioned yet it or 504 00:25:05,159 --> 00:25:01,000 not right now I understand it's gonna be 505 00:25:06,899 --> 00:25:05,169 months before they can actually be you 506 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:06,909 know for the absolute detail on that 507 00:25:12,750 --> 00:25:09,610 it's probably best to ask the Chilean 508 00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:12,760 engineers that are responsible but our 509 00:25:19,470 --> 00:25:15,850 understanding is that there's still you 510 00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:19,480 know you know months away from you know 511 00:25:24,570 --> 00:25:22,030 from the rescue they have three plans 512 00:25:27,180 --> 00:25:24,580 that they are trying to put into work 513 00:25:30,330 --> 00:25:27,190 one plan is to drill a vertical hole 514 00:25:32,820 --> 00:25:30,340 that is in progress at the time that we 515 00:25:38,549 --> 00:25:32,830 left on Saturday morning that hole was 516 00:25:39,210 --> 00:25:38,559 about 40-some meters deep as I recall it 517 00:25:42,419 --> 00:25:39,220 is a 518 00:25:46,649 --> 00:25:42,429 a slow process and will take many weeks 519 00:25:50,130 --> 00:25:46,659 for that drill to get down to the miners 520 00:25:55,490 --> 00:25:50,140 the hole size is about 26 inches in 521 00:25:58,649 --> 00:25:55,500 diameter they do have two other plans 522 00:26:02,120 --> 00:25:58,659 another hole to be drilled they're all 523 00:26:05,669 --> 00:26:02,130 about approximately the same diameter 524 00:26:07,030 --> 00:26:05,679 two of the two of the three plans will 525 00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:07,040 leave 526 00:26:13,990 --> 00:26:10,650 we'll be without any casing within the 527 00:26:17,810 --> 00:26:14,000 shaft and the third plan is actually a 528 00:26:20,660 --> 00:26:17,820 as we understand it a petroleum drilling 529 00:26:25,070 --> 00:26:20,670 rig that will actually drill this sized 530 00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:25,080 hole and have a steel casing that will 531 00:26:34,610 --> 00:26:30,210 be laid down as the hole is drilled also 532 00:26:37,100 --> 00:26:34,620 as we understand it the this third plan 533 00:26:42,100 --> 00:26:37,110 plan see as they call it by the 534 00:26:46,010 --> 00:26:42,110 petroleum rig it is actually a faster 535 00:26:48,770 --> 00:26:46,020 drilling process but it will take them 536 00:26:51,530 --> 00:26:48,780 several weeks to actually get it on site 537 00:26:55,420 --> 00:26:51,540 and assemble it before it's you know 538 00:26:58,070 --> 00:26:55,430 ready to begin drilling so there will be 539 00:27:00,410 --> 00:26:58,080 they have all three of these plans put 540 00:27:03,500 --> 00:27:00,420 together so that whichever plan arrives 541 00:27:06,950 --> 00:27:03,510 at the chamber first the others will 542 00:27:13,220 --> 00:27:06,960 then be continued to drill as as backup 543 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:13,230 rescue tubes hi I'm Marian Helen house 544 00:27:19,610 --> 00:27:15,930 and I'm with the Bay Area citizen there 545 00:27:21,410 --> 00:27:19,620 are two questions first could you be 546 00:27:24,410 --> 00:27:21,420 more specific on the nutritional and 547 00:27:26,630 --> 00:27:24,420 medical supplies and the challenges of 548 00:27:28,850 --> 00:27:26,640 getting them down there I understand 549 00:27:30,350 --> 00:27:28,860 there's a they call it the Dove it's 550 00:27:33,470 --> 00:27:30,360 like the tube that goes down and it's 551 00:27:40,070 --> 00:27:33,480 very narrow literal translation but they 552 00:27:41,990 --> 00:27:40,080 call it Paloma PL p al oh ma okay and 553 00:27:44,210 --> 00:27:42,000 can you just describe in more detail 554 00:27:47,810 --> 00:27:44,220 about those nutritional and medical and 555 00:27:49,700 --> 00:27:47,820 another the advice that you were giving 556 00:27:52,310 --> 00:27:49,710 them about that okay well let me just 557 00:27:54,280 --> 00:27:52,320 describe the Palomas and then I'll turn 558 00:27:57,380 --> 00:27:54,290 it over to dr. pol to talk to the 559 00:28:04,580 --> 00:27:57,390 nutritional and medical aspects the 560 00:28:10,360 --> 00:28:04,590 Palomas once the cave-in occurred it the 561 00:28:14,300 --> 00:28:10,370 chileans drilled approximately 15 holes 562 00:28:15,980 --> 00:28:14,310 before they were able to find the miners 563 00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:15,990 in the particular location 564 00:28:23,060 --> 00:28:17,730 they were and then then they were able 565 00:28:26,030 --> 00:28:23,070 to drill three holes near one another 566 00:28:30,820 --> 00:28:26,040 into that chamber those holes are about 567 00:28:34,790 --> 00:28:30,830 six inches in diameter and they're steel 568 00:28:41,350 --> 00:28:34,800 lined they have a casing and through 569 00:28:43,700 --> 00:28:41,360 those holes they pass devices that are 570 00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:43,710 don't hold me to this but roughly about 571 00:28:52,820 --> 00:28:49,410 two meters long that are tubes or 572 00:28:56,090 --> 00:28:52,830 torpedoes that have you know the ends 573 00:28:59,200 --> 00:28:56,100 capped and within that volume they can 574 00:29:03,860 --> 00:28:59,210 insert anything that will fit basically 575 00:29:09,190 --> 00:29:03,870 they then cap those hook a line to it 576 00:29:13,130 --> 00:29:09,200 and allow gravity to drop that torpedo 577 00:29:15,169 --> 00:29:13,140 down in to where the miners are the 578 00:29:19,880 --> 00:29:15,179 miners it takes about ten minutes for 579 00:29:23,210 --> 00:29:19,890 that paloma device to reach the miners 580 00:29:27,049 --> 00:29:23,220 the miners then have ten minutes to 581 00:29:29,870 --> 00:29:27,059 unload whatever has been sent to them 582 00:29:33,740 --> 00:29:29,880 and then load anything back in that they 583 00:29:37,490 --> 00:29:33,750 want to send topside and then it takes 584 00:29:39,020 --> 00:29:37,500 another ten minutes for the paloma to 585 00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:39,030 get back up and it's pulled up by a 586 00:29:46,250 --> 00:29:43,530 winch and it's a very labor-intensive 587 00:29:49,700 --> 00:29:46,260 kind of activity 588 00:29:52,370 --> 00:29:49,710 you know 30-minute cycle of this you 589 00:29:57,110 --> 00:29:52,380 know the volume is not great so this is 590 00:29:59,810 --> 00:29:57,120 a 24 hour a day operation to provide all 591 00:30:04,000 --> 00:29:59,820 sorts of supplies whether it be food 592 00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:04,010 supplies medical supplies they actually 593 00:30:13,340 --> 00:30:08,850 went out in the open and requested if 594 00:30:17,630 --> 00:30:13,350 there were any any companies in Chile 595 00:30:21,380 --> 00:30:17,640 that made cots for example that would 596 00:30:22,970 --> 00:30:21,390 fit inside these tubes and they could 597 00:30:24,380 --> 00:30:22,980 send them down to the miner so that the 598 00:30:26,030 --> 00:30:24,390 miners wouldn't have to sleep on the 599 00:30:27,789 --> 00:30:26,040 ground they would actually be able to 600 00:30:30,279 --> 00:30:27,799 sleep in what 601 00:30:32,740 --> 00:30:30,289 I think most of us would would think of 602 00:30:37,629 --> 00:30:32,750 as an army type cot that these were 603 00:30:41,830 --> 00:30:37,639 aluminum and and canvas kind of devices 604 00:30:45,070 --> 00:30:41,840 so very very ingenious way of innovation 605 00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:45,080 on their part to you know get some some 606 00:30:49,659 --> 00:30:47,570 of the needed supplies so that's how the 607 00:30:52,450 --> 00:30:49,669 operation works and let me turn it over 608 00:30:55,990 --> 00:30:52,460 to dr. pol to talk to the nutrition and 609 00:30:58,980 --> 00:30:56,000 medical aspects in regards to nutrition 610 00:31:02,169 --> 00:30:58,990 and medical they did an outstanding job 611 00:31:05,799 --> 00:31:02,179 refeeding folks that have been starving 612 00:31:08,649 --> 00:31:05,809 is not a simple thing and in fact if 613 00:31:13,409 --> 00:31:08,659 done incorrectly can be life-threatening 614 00:31:15,720 --> 00:31:13,419 the the minor said reduced themselves 615 00:31:21,940 --> 00:31:15,730 before they were found about a 616 00:31:25,690 --> 00:31:21,950 tablespoon of tuna and an inch and a cup 617 00:31:29,110 --> 00:31:25,700 of milk about every other day so they 618 00:31:32,379 --> 00:31:29,120 were literally less than probably 200 619 00:31:35,019 --> 00:31:32,389 calories every other day at that point 620 00:31:36,909 --> 00:31:35,029 in time it's not as simple as just 621 00:31:40,629 --> 00:31:36,919 giving them carbohydrate and sending as 622 00:31:43,350 --> 00:31:40,639 much food as possible down the hall the 623 00:31:45,759 --> 00:31:43,360 the risk that we have is one in a 624 00:31:49,539 --> 00:31:45,769 precipitous drop of potassium and 625 00:31:53,129 --> 00:31:49,549 phosphate and refeeding them has to be 626 00:31:55,960 --> 00:31:53,139 done low and slow and it has to include 627 00:31:59,080 --> 00:31:55,970 generous amounts of phosphate potassium 628 00:32:01,690 --> 00:31:59,090 and thiamine to prevent cardiac 629 00:32:06,190 --> 00:32:01,700 dysrhythmias and even cardiac arrest 630 00:32:09,310 --> 00:32:06,200 from cardiac failure they did a textbook 631 00:32:12,009 --> 00:32:09,320 refeeding plan they followed with 632 00:32:15,310 --> 00:32:12,019 different formulations that included 633 00:32:17,259 --> 00:32:15,320 those particular elements and did it in 634 00:32:19,960 --> 00:32:17,269 a stepwise fashion to bring the calories 635 00:32:23,379 --> 00:32:19,970 up so that the body's metabolism could 636 00:32:27,759 --> 00:32:23,389 get used to glycogen stores again and 637 00:32:30,310 --> 00:32:27,769 and insulin it was an outstanding plan 638 00:32:33,639 --> 00:32:30,320 and probably ended up saving several 639 00:32:35,610 --> 00:32:33,649 minors in the interim the other thing 640 00:32:38,350 --> 00:32:35,620 that we worry about certainly is 641 00:32:40,419 --> 00:32:38,360 something called rhabdomyolysis I won't 642 00:32:42,639 --> 00:32:40,429 even begin to spell that for you that 643 00:32:45,039 --> 00:32:42,649 it essentially amounts to muscle 644 00:32:47,320 --> 00:32:45,049 breakdown both because they were 645 00:32:49,299 --> 00:32:47,330 sleeping on the rocks but also because 646 00:32:51,940 --> 00:32:49,309 due to the starvation they were feeding 647 00:32:54,129 --> 00:32:51,950 off of muscle because they had already 648 00:32:57,639 --> 00:32:54,139 gone through their subcutaneous fat as a 649 00:33:00,639 --> 00:32:57,649 energy store your kidneys cannot 650 00:33:03,119 --> 00:33:00,649 tolerate huge proteins from the muscle 651 00:33:06,070 --> 00:33:03,129 breakdown and you can get kidney failure 652 00:33:09,249 --> 00:33:06,080 they targeted with some laboratory 653 00:33:12,039 --> 00:33:09,259 analysis that we had recommended the 654 00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:12,049 miners that had high proteins and their 655 00:33:16,810 --> 00:33:14,690 urine and increased their fluid intake 656 00:33:19,570 --> 00:33:16,820 and probably prevented kidney failure 657 00:33:22,019 --> 00:33:19,580 and those miners and about 50% of the 658 00:33:27,100 --> 00:33:22,029 miners had shown that protein breakdown 659 00:33:30,039 --> 00:33:27,110 because of their care and attention to 660 00:33:31,629 --> 00:33:30,049 detail in those medical both the 661 00:33:35,129 --> 00:33:31,639 refeeding plan and the treatment plan 662 00:33:38,470 --> 00:33:35,139 and the rehydration plan they prevented 663 00:33:40,570 --> 00:33:38,480 downstream cascades in of organ failure 664 00:33:43,690 --> 00:33:40,580 whether it's kidney failure or or 665 00:33:46,029 --> 00:33:43,700 cardiac failure or otherwise and allowed 666 00:33:49,889 --> 00:33:46,039 us to get to this sustainment phase that 667 00:33:53,560 --> 00:33:49,899 we're in right now just a phenomenal job 668 00:33:55,480 --> 00:33:53,570 and they're they're dealing with medical 669 00:33:58,389 --> 00:33:55,490 issues right now that we see in 670 00:34:00,519 --> 00:33:58,399 long-duration spaceflight certainly 671 00:34:02,560 --> 00:34:00,529 because it's hot it's greater than 90 672 00:34:05,830 --> 00:34:02,570 degrees and it's greater than 90 percent 673 00:34:08,049 --> 00:34:05,840 humidity fungal infections and things of 674 00:34:10,079 --> 00:34:08,059 that nature skin breakdown are things 675 00:34:12,220 --> 00:34:10,089 that they'll be chasing for some time 676 00:34:14,200 --> 00:34:12,230 but we've given them some 677 00:34:15,909 --> 00:34:14,210 recommendations and they've gotten 678 00:34:18,369 --> 00:34:15,919 recommendations elsewhere as well from 679 00:34:25,030 --> 00:34:18,379 different universities to help cope with 680 00:34:27,909 --> 00:34:25,040 those different ailments so could you 681 00:34:29,770 --> 00:34:27,919 describe being at the site of the mine 682 00:34:34,089 --> 00:34:29,780 and and the family interaction with the 683 00:34:43,190 --> 00:34:39,799 the site is about 40 minutes north west 684 00:34:46,430 --> 00:34:43,200 of north-northwest of Copiapo the 685 00:34:49,520 --> 00:34:46,440 closest town we would drive out there 686 00:34:52,909 --> 00:34:49,530 each morning we would go through about 687 00:34:56,210 --> 00:34:52,919 three to four levels of security 688 00:35:00,980 --> 00:34:56,220 checkpoints to finally get inside the 689 00:35:04,190 --> 00:35:00,990 the mine or the mine the mine area it is 690 00:35:06,140 --> 00:35:04,200 really a beehive of activity with you 691 00:35:10,510 --> 00:35:06,150 know all the different engineering 692 00:35:15,140 --> 00:35:10,520 aspects going on the drilling the Paloma 693 00:35:19,940 --> 00:35:15,150 you know supply replenishment meetings 694 00:35:26,210 --> 00:35:19,950 with the physicians and they speak to 695 00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:26,220 the miners you know twice a day and you 696 00:35:31,910 --> 00:35:29,490 know you got to remember that you're in 697 00:35:36,260 --> 00:35:31,920 a very remote mining area it's very 698 00:35:39,980 --> 00:35:36,270 dusty you know there's a lot of heavy 699 00:35:42,470 --> 00:35:39,990 equipment being around you know moving 700 00:35:48,049 --> 00:35:42,480 around there so it's a it's a very 701 00:35:50,599 --> 00:35:48,059 dynamic area of course it was sections 702 00:35:52,970 --> 00:35:50,609 you know were the command and control of 703 00:35:56,930 --> 00:35:52,980 all the activities were that was in the 704 00:36:01,549 --> 00:35:56,940 central central portion the next outside 705 00:36:05,210 --> 00:36:01,559 ring if you will is where the families 706 00:36:07,309 --> 00:36:05,220 were located there is a kind of a tent 707 00:36:09,799 --> 00:36:07,319 city set up for the families and if you 708 00:36:11,870 --> 00:36:09,809 if you see the some of the pictures that 709 00:36:15,109 --> 00:36:11,880 have been taken these are the tents that 710 00:36:20,180 --> 00:36:15,119 have that are yellow and red and white 711 00:36:22,510 --> 00:36:20,190 and they're all collected together we 712 00:36:25,430 --> 00:36:22,520 had the opportunity to meet the families 713 00:36:28,910 --> 00:36:25,440 one evening as a group and then al had 714 00:36:32,569 --> 00:36:28,920 an opportunity to you know meet the 715 00:36:35,299 --> 00:36:32,579 families a couple of other occasions the 716 00:36:37,329 --> 00:36:35,309 families have also organized themselves 717 00:36:40,059 --> 00:36:37,339 in a sense the 718 00:36:44,259 --> 00:36:40,069 they have a lady that is kind of the 719 00:36:49,589 --> 00:36:44,269 mayor of the group if you will you know 720 00:36:52,079 --> 00:36:49,599 we made some suggestions to our 721 00:36:54,849 --> 00:36:52,089 physician counterparts that they could 722 00:36:58,029 --> 00:36:54,859 utilize this person and helping with 723 00:37:01,209 --> 00:36:58,039 communication but you know in general 724 00:37:03,579 --> 00:37:01,219 the families are you know as you might 725 00:37:08,319 --> 00:37:03,589 imagine very concerned there's a number 726 00:37:11,370 --> 00:37:08,329 of family members at the site and you 727 00:37:14,559 --> 00:37:11,380 know they were wanting to hang on to any 728 00:37:17,469 --> 00:37:14,569 bit of good news that we could provide 729 00:37:21,519 --> 00:37:17,479 where that the the Chilean our Chilean 730 00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:21,529 counterparts could ride we were able to 731 00:37:26,950 --> 00:37:24,890 just make some introductory remarks to 732 00:37:29,859 --> 00:37:26,960 them and I think they were appreciative 733 00:37:32,999 --> 00:37:29,869 of the fact that that we were there I 734 00:37:37,089 --> 00:37:33,009 know they were all looking forward to 735 00:37:41,049 --> 00:37:37,099 having the optical fiber communication 736 00:37:43,150 --> 00:37:41,059 lines set up that's when the families 737 00:37:44,950 --> 00:37:43,160 were then able to start to have some 738 00:37:46,180 --> 00:37:44,960 video conferences with their family 739 00:37:49,690 --> 00:37:46,190 member 740 00:37:56,709 --> 00:37:49,700 both audio and video so I'm sure there 741 00:38:07,950 --> 00:38:00,759 that describes it initially there were 742 00:38:13,269 --> 00:38:11,109 but as as time has gone by and they've 743 00:38:15,609 --> 00:38:13,279 moved into longer duration operations 744 00:38:17,799 --> 00:38:15,619 there the families have devised 745 00:38:20,229 --> 00:38:17,809 strategies to enable themselves to keep 746 00:38:23,019 --> 00:38:20,239 their own homes going back at home and 747 00:38:24,999 --> 00:38:23,029 also to send a more of a representative 748 00:38:27,309 --> 00:38:25,009 family member to the site and so there 749 00:38:30,989 --> 00:38:27,319 now when we left there were about 200 750 00:38:33,099 --> 00:38:30,999 family members in that campsite that 751 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:33,109 will start with the questions on the 752 00:38:37,839 --> 00:38:35,450 line well I'll call on the reporters in 753 00:38:40,180 --> 00:38:37,849 the order that were phoned in in with 754 00:38:41,650 --> 00:38:40,190 the number that we have please ask one 755 00:38:44,829 --> 00:38:41,660 question and if we have time we'll come 756 00:38:46,690 --> 00:38:44,839 around for follow-ups so first state 757 00:38:48,940 --> 00:38:46,700 your name and affiliation and direct 758 00:38:50,980 --> 00:38:48,950 your question to a briefer if possible 759 00:38:58,450 --> 00:38:50,990 the Christian Science Monitor please oh 760 00:38:59,800 --> 00:38:58,460 thank you what extent are folks you 761 00:39:05,230 --> 00:38:59,810 mentioned this or I think you hinted at 762 00:39:08,109 --> 00:39:05,240 this earlier on but supporting the the 763 00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:08,119 Forman down there as sort of being the 764 00:39:15,310 --> 00:39:13,010 lead of the group is the folks topside 765 00:39:18,069 --> 00:39:15,320 trying to you know essentially support 766 00:39:19,900 --> 00:39:18,079 the kind of command structures the wrong 767 00:39:22,210 --> 00:39:19,910 word but essentially the the the 768 00:39:27,040 --> 00:39:22,220 organizational structure that the folks 769 00:39:29,740 --> 00:39:27,050 have set up underground very supportive 770 00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:29,750 of the structure that was set up 771 00:39:36,819 --> 00:39:33,290 underground when they actually on day 17 772 00:39:37,990 --> 00:39:36,829 when they actually found the miners they 773 00:39:40,859 --> 00:39:38,000 had already established an 774 00:39:44,530 --> 00:39:40,869 infrastructure and so it was a 775 00:39:46,870 --> 00:39:44,540 deliberate decision on the part of 776 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:46,880 topside to reinforce that structure and 777 00:39:52,450 --> 00:39:48,650 to provide support as best they could to 778 00:39:58,210 --> 00:39:52,460 that leader into his designated others 779 00:40:02,829 --> 00:39:58,220 as well a spiritual leader and a medical 780 00:40:08,380 --> 00:40:02,839 leader and I also just to follow on 781 00:40:11,109 --> 00:40:08,390 their I think that before the miners 782 00:40:12,839 --> 00:40:11,119 were found and they had contact with the 783 00:40:19,150 --> 00:40:12,849 topside world 784 00:40:21,990 --> 00:40:19,160 this particular Foreman of the team was 785 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:22,000 really shouldering a lot of of the 786 00:40:28,990 --> 00:40:25,930 responsibility and I think once he had 787 00:40:31,720 --> 00:40:29,000 contact with the topside team was able 788 00:40:36,280 --> 00:40:31,730 to help you know think through some of 789 00:40:38,710 --> 00:40:36,290 these challenges that they had that you 790 00:40:41,500 --> 00:40:38,720 know he still feels a certain level of 791 00:40:46,420 --> 00:40:41,510 burden and responsibility but I think 792 00:40:49,720 --> 00:40:46,430 his overall you know mood has improved 793 00:40:51,339 --> 00:40:49,730 since since he's been able to have some 794 00:40:53,829 --> 00:40:51,349 contact and they've you know been able 795 00:40:58,450 --> 00:40:53,839 to delegate some of the responsibilities 796 00:41:04,540 --> 00:41:02,470 just as CBS Interactive this is Deborah 797 00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:04,550 gage thank you I'm wondering how they're 798 00:41:08,980 --> 00:41:07,310 dealing with sanitation and also I mean 799 00:41:10,960 --> 00:41:08,990 are the miners healthy enough all of 800 00:41:15,510 --> 00:41:10,970 them to survive this ordeal do you know 801 00:41:18,390 --> 00:41:15,520 like what if someone would die from a 802 00:41:23,260 --> 00:41:18,400 you know from a sanitation standpoint 803 00:41:26,920 --> 00:41:23,270 the miners had initially set up a some 804 00:41:30,550 --> 00:41:26,930 sanitation stations now that they have 805 00:41:33,010 --> 00:41:30,560 more topside help and we understand the 806 00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:33,020 chileans understand a little bit better 807 00:41:42,070 --> 00:41:38,450 the topography that that they're in and 808 00:41:44,859 --> 00:41:42,080 you know how many tunnels and how much 809 00:41:48,280 --> 00:41:44,869 access to other areas besides just this 810 00:41:50,290 --> 00:41:48,290 living chamber they have they've been 811 00:41:54,520 --> 00:41:50,300 able to make some suggestions on where 812 00:41:57,700 --> 00:41:54,530 to locate like the latrine where to 813 00:41:59,890 --> 00:41:57,710 locate a shower area where to locate the 814 00:42:02,770 --> 00:41:59,900 sleeping area where to locate the areas 815 00:42:09,010 --> 00:42:02,780 for eating and recreation and those 816 00:42:11,410 --> 00:42:09,020 types of things so you know I think you 817 00:42:14,530 --> 00:42:11,420 know they've been able to to organize 818 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:14,540 themselves along those lines with with 819 00:42:23,560 --> 00:42:18,890 topside help of course you know the idea 820 00:42:27,960 --> 00:42:23,570 of death of one of the miners is there's 821 00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:27,970 always a possibility we have you know it 822 00:42:33,130 --> 00:42:30,770 brought up that discussion with our 823 00:42:35,829 --> 00:42:33,140 counterparts and you know just wanted to 824 00:42:37,660 --> 00:42:35,839 kind of stimulate some thinking with 825 00:42:41,230 --> 00:42:37,670 regards to you know how that would be 826 00:42:44,740 --> 00:42:41,240 handled I think it's important that you 827 00:42:46,510 --> 00:42:44,750 know our colleagues also have those 828 00:42:48,880 --> 00:42:46,520 kinds of discussions with the family 829 00:42:52,570 --> 00:42:48,890 members to you know make sure that they 830 00:42:54,280 --> 00:42:52,580 understand that you know just like you 831 00:42:56,829 --> 00:42:54,290 know in any hazardous environment 832 00:42:59,829 --> 00:42:56,839 there's always the risk for you know 833 00:43:02,320 --> 00:42:59,839 something untoward to happen with 834 00:43:04,720 --> 00:43:02,330 regards to their overall health that's 835 00:43:09,480 --> 00:43:04,730 certainly been improving as nutrition 836 00:43:13,140 --> 00:43:09,490 has has been supplemented and I'll ask 837 00:43:16,440 --> 00:43:13,150 JD or Al to make any additional comments 838 00:43:18,840 --> 00:43:16,450 there certainly you know the the miners 839 00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:18,850 are not astronauts they worked pretty 840 00:43:24,030 --> 00:43:22,450 selected and screened to the to the 841 00:43:26,070 --> 00:43:24,040 depth and length that you would an 842 00:43:27,810 --> 00:43:26,080 astronaut and some of the folks have 843 00:43:31,109 --> 00:43:27,820 just happened to be there they were on 844 00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:31,119 trucks or or equipment they were not 845 00:43:37,350 --> 00:43:34,810 part of the the mining contingent who 846 00:43:39,420 --> 00:43:37,360 also got trapped in the mine so you have 847 00:43:41,609 --> 00:43:39,430 a potpourri of folks that bring their 848 00:43:43,530 --> 00:43:41,619 own risk to the table with their medical 849 00:43:47,430 --> 00:43:43,540 backgrounds or their their medical 850 00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:47,440 histories but the the medical team on 851 00:43:53,310 --> 00:43:50,050 the topside has done an outstanding job 852 00:43:56,130 --> 00:43:53,320 and treating those risks trying to make 853 00:43:58,740 --> 00:43:56,140 sure that we optimize their health to 854 00:44:01,650 --> 00:43:58,750 the best of our ability leading up to 855 00:44:04,910 --> 00:44:01,660 the rescue that includes managing things 856 00:44:08,160 --> 00:44:04,920 like diabetes hypertension managing 857 00:44:10,710 --> 00:44:08,170 pulmonary disease sending medications 858 00:44:13,020 --> 00:44:10,720 down and hailers down or other medical 859 00:44:14,700 --> 00:44:13,030 care down to make sure that we optimize 860 00:44:17,340 --> 00:44:14,710 their health as much as possible and 861 00:44:20,190 --> 00:44:17,350 they've done a very good job to try to 862 00:44:24,660 --> 00:44:20,200 address those risks and to minimize them 863 00:44:29,580 --> 00:44:24,670 as much as possible next on the line is 864 00:44:33,030 --> 00:44:29,590 elbow set oh hi I believe my question is 865 00:44:35,250 --> 00:44:33,040 for dr. Horned one of the reasons as you 866 00:44:36,930 --> 00:44:35,260 said earlier on why the miners were able 867 00:44:39,180 --> 00:44:36,940 to remain life for almost two weeks 868 00:44:41,250 --> 00:44:39,190 before being contacted was because they 869 00:44:43,349 --> 00:44:41,260 were well organized but according to our 870 00:44:45,630 --> 00:44:43,359 experience for how long does this people 871 00:44:48,210 --> 00:44:45,640 do people in this conditions can remain 872 00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:48,220 focused and keep organized and not 873 00:44:56,340 --> 00:44:52,290 building all that tension well I think 874 00:45:00,060 --> 00:44:56,350 it's important to realize for all of us 875 00:45:03,150 --> 00:45:00,070 realized that they need to form an 876 00:45:04,620 --> 00:45:03,160 underground community it's going to be a 877 00:45:07,320 --> 00:45:04,630 group of people that live underground 878 00:45:10,200 --> 00:45:07,330 for a long period of time and there will 879 00:45:13,020 --> 00:45:10,210 be roles and responsibilities that are 880 00:45:16,230 --> 00:45:13,030 allocated and just like topside just 881 00:45:20,220 --> 00:45:16,240 like us sometimes if we tire of our role 882 00:45:22,120 --> 00:45:20,230 or we need a change then we're able to 883 00:45:26,220 --> 00:45:22,130 swap with someone else rotate out 884 00:45:29,589 --> 00:45:26,230 and they'll be doing that as well so 885 00:45:31,569 --> 00:45:29,599 organization and focus is a big part of 886 00:45:34,779 --> 00:45:31,579 normality it's a big part of social 887 00:45:37,450 --> 00:45:34,789 structure and community so it's 888 00:45:40,900 --> 00:45:37,460 important that in order to establish and 889 00:45:44,170 --> 00:45:40,910 continue a community that they they have 890 00:45:46,180 --> 00:45:44,180 this this organization and we have to 891 00:45:48,849 --> 00:45:46,190 expect though that they're going to have 892 00:45:50,859 --> 00:45:48,859 their ups and downs just like we do we 893 00:45:51,910 --> 00:45:50,869 have good days we have bad days they're 894 00:45:54,370 --> 00:45:51,920 going to have good days they're gonna 895 00:45:58,390 --> 00:45:54,380 have bad days and the important thing is 896 00:46:02,109 --> 00:45:58,400 that we allow that to happen we not make 897 00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:02,119 too big of a deal about small things and 898 00:46:08,980 --> 00:46:05,210 we support them to return back to a good 899 00:46:09,880 --> 00:46:08,990 day but there will there'll be 900 00:46:14,650 --> 00:46:09,890 challenges ahead 901 00:46:19,269 --> 00:46:14,660 they're just now entering a period of 902 00:46:22,029 --> 00:46:19,279 the long run and and they're just 903 00:46:24,970 --> 00:46:22,039 beginning to confront some of the issues 904 00:46:28,930 --> 00:46:24,980 that that they'll have as far as being 905 00:46:37,299 --> 00:46:28,940 there for a long duration next on the 906 00:46:43,930 --> 00:46:37,309 line is agency friends press sarod Diego 907 00:46:48,370 --> 00:46:43,940 on the line for AFP Galveston County 908 00:46:50,710 --> 00:46:48,380 County Daily News hi this is Haley kappa 909 00:46:53,140 --> 00:46:50,720 so it's a Gallatin County Daily News I 910 00:46:56,980 --> 00:46:53,150 guess this question would be for dr. 911 00:46:58,990 --> 00:46:56,990 Holland um you're mentioning how I just 912 00:47:01,269 --> 00:46:59,000 got specific jobs that aside for 913 00:47:03,640 --> 00:47:01,279 different minors when they're not 914 00:47:05,620 --> 00:47:03,650 working or reading or doing any of those 915 00:47:07,690 --> 00:47:05,630 functions and what are they doing on 916 00:47:10,359 --> 00:47:07,700 their downtime and what recreation 917 00:47:15,549 --> 00:47:10,369 activities I recommended down there to 918 00:47:17,140 --> 00:47:15,559 keep their morale up well the Chilean's 919 00:47:23,559 --> 00:47:17,150 have done a very good job of sending 920 00:47:25,839 --> 00:47:23,569 down games of sending down activities 921 00:47:29,309 --> 00:47:25,849 that they can do as much as possible 922 00:47:32,609 --> 00:47:29,319 through this very small borehole 923 00:47:35,180 --> 00:47:32,619 resupply system that they have there's 924 00:47:38,579 --> 00:47:35,190 music down there there was a community 925 00:47:42,630 --> 00:47:38,589 iPod and it's brought up periodically 926 00:47:46,650 --> 00:47:42,640 for recharging and so they're able to 927 00:47:50,160 --> 00:47:46,660 have music as well so they've sent down 928 00:47:54,689 --> 00:47:50,170 clothes they've sent down shave razors 929 00:47:57,359 --> 00:47:54,699 and they're trying to support that off 930 00:48:01,259 --> 00:47:57,369 time that leisure time journals to write 931 00:48:03,809 --> 00:48:01,269 in books to read anything that can be 932 00:48:06,680 --> 00:48:03,819 compressed into this this very small 933 00:48:09,239 --> 00:48:06,690 diameter Paloma is what they're doing 934 00:48:14,729 --> 00:48:09,249 but you touched on the most important 935 00:48:16,709 --> 00:48:14,739 thing which is meaningful work it's very 936 00:48:18,930 --> 00:48:16,719 important for people in situations like 937 00:48:23,640 --> 00:48:18,940 this to have meaningful work to do not 938 00:48:25,410 --> 00:48:23,650 make work and these these men are no 939 00:48:28,589 --> 00:48:25,420 different and so part of their 940 00:48:31,079 --> 00:48:28,599 meaningful work is continuing the 941 00:48:33,229 --> 00:48:31,089 responsibility of extracting themselves 942 00:48:36,120 --> 00:48:33,239 from this mind and that includes 943 00:48:38,689 --> 00:48:36,130 maintaining the machinery includes 944 00:48:42,209 --> 00:48:38,699 maintaining the mine itself it includes 945 00:48:46,410 --> 00:48:42,219 continual organization to prepare for 946 00:48:50,339 --> 00:48:46,420 extraction so these are very important 947 00:48:56,120 --> 00:48:50,349 things for them to continue okay next is 948 00:48:59,009 --> 00:48:56,130 Newsweek please thank you I'm wondering 949 00:49:01,709 --> 00:48:59,019 if we could talk more about sort of that 950 00:49:04,289 --> 00:49:01,719 the materials being sent up and down and 951 00:49:05,640 --> 00:49:04,299 the specifics of the logistics of that 952 00:49:08,069 --> 00:49:05,650 what what kind of things are they 953 00:49:10,650 --> 00:49:08,079 sending up besides you know pieces of 954 00:49:14,459 --> 00:49:10,660 paper and and notes to their families 955 00:49:16,920 --> 00:49:14,469 and how how thick is the Paloma and how 956 00:49:19,589 --> 00:49:16,930 much space inside are they actually 957 00:49:20,910 --> 00:49:19,599 working with and maybe you can give an 958 00:49:23,609 --> 00:49:20,920 example of some of the more difficult 959 00:49:26,249 --> 00:49:23,619 things that were you know some of the 960 00:49:29,910 --> 00:49:26,259 more creative ways that things were 961 00:49:38,069 --> 00:49:35,609 I'm not sure we have all the the the 962 00:49:40,740 --> 00:49:38,079 detail on that we can only give you 963 00:49:44,880 --> 00:49:40,750 approximate sizes of these Palomas we 964 00:49:47,849 --> 00:49:44,890 can find that more detailed Clint Craig 965 00:49:49,710 --> 00:49:47,859 I know you observed a lot of the Paloma 966 00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:49,720 activities perhaps you could make some 967 00:49:57,270 --> 00:49:55,210 comments there yeah I think what you 968 00:50:00,329 --> 00:49:57,280 mentioned she's actually talking about 969 00:50:03,200 --> 00:50:00,339 the side probably about four inches in 970 00:50:06,569 --> 00:50:03,210 diameter approximately two meters long 971 00:50:09,180 --> 00:50:06,579 and they were putting all sorts of stuff 972 00:50:12,990 --> 00:50:09,190 in there the last day we were there I 973 00:50:17,490 --> 00:50:13,000 noted that they've had some meals that 974 00:50:21,809 --> 00:50:17,500 were put in some styrofoam coffee cup 975 00:50:23,609 --> 00:50:21,819 sized containers and and they were 976 00:50:27,079 --> 00:50:23,619 sending those down for each of the 977 00:50:30,799 --> 00:50:27,089 miners they sent down bottled water and 978 00:50:32,789 --> 00:50:30,809 others and sustainment stuff and 979 00:50:35,299 --> 00:50:32,799 additionally one of the engineers told 980 00:50:40,940 --> 00:50:35,309 me they were going to send down a I 981 00:50:43,349 --> 00:50:40,950 don't know what you call it a a 982 00:50:44,910 --> 00:50:43,359 something to watch movies with it's kind 983 00:50:46,710 --> 00:50:44,920 of like a projector where you can buy 984 00:50:48,030 --> 00:50:46,720 these very small projectors these days 985 00:50:50,069 --> 00:50:48,040 that are about the size of a pack of 986 00:50:52,890 --> 00:50:50,079 cigarettes I'm told sorry give me a 987 00:50:55,049 --> 00:50:52,900 while to think of the word but they're 988 00:50:57,569 --> 00:50:55,059 apparently going to be able to watch 989 00:51:03,180 --> 00:50:57,579 movies it was specified times Alka 990 00:51:05,760 --> 00:51:03,190 probably talking more about that but dr. 991 00:51:08,670 --> 00:51:05,770 Duncan had mentioned that they sent down 992 00:51:11,010 --> 00:51:08,680 cots and other things so the Paloma 993 00:51:14,309 --> 00:51:11,020 operations are as you said are going 994 00:51:17,190 --> 00:51:14,319 nonstop 24 hours a day and they're 995 00:51:19,170 --> 00:51:17,200 working well I think it's important to 996 00:51:21,780 --> 00:51:19,180 understand that you know they have 33 997 00:51:25,010 --> 00:51:21,790 miners to feed at least three meals a 998 00:51:28,609 --> 00:51:25,020 day and that takes a fair amount of time 999 00:51:31,859 --> 00:51:28,619 to accomplish other things that they're 1000 00:51:35,190 --> 00:51:31,869 sending down and the miners send back or 1001 00:51:39,089 --> 00:51:35,200 things like the headlamps for their 1002 00:51:41,100 --> 00:51:39,099 mining caps have the batteries recharged 1003 00:51:45,090 --> 00:51:41,110 on those things 1004 00:51:47,520 --> 00:51:45,100 and you know just a just a variety of of 1005 00:51:51,660 --> 00:51:47,530 things they've also sent clothing down 1006 00:51:56,040 --> 00:51:51,670 to them it was actually you know once 1007 00:51:59,850 --> 00:51:56,050 they all had an opportunity to bathe and 1008 00:52:02,430 --> 00:51:59,860 shave and get an exchange of clothes one 1009 00:52:04,560 --> 00:52:02,440 of the miners actually put on a bit of a 1010 00:52:08,730 --> 00:52:04,570 floor show showing how they look now 1011 00:52:12,180 --> 00:52:08,740 with their blue blue trunks and red 1012 00:52:15,830 --> 00:52:12,190 shirts and they were you know having a 1013 00:52:24,960 --> 00:52:15,840 good time with that with that activity 1014 00:52:34,350 --> 00:52:24,970 hey next is CBS London so a gym on from 1015 00:52:42,150 --> 00:52:40,010 and Amy from channel 4 okay with that 1016 00:52:44,730 --> 00:52:42,160 those are all the questions that we had 1017 00:52:47,220 --> 00:52:44,740 on the line to start out with we'll have 1018 00:52:49,290 --> 00:52:47,230 to wrap it up here and for more 1019 00:52:51,660 --> 00:52:49,300 information on this subject and other